文化与政治的变奏:五四时期进步社团对中国早期现代化的探索

Cultural and Political Variations: Exploration of China’s Early Modernization by Progressive Societies During the May Fourth Movement

摘要:

深化中国式现代化研究,不仅要基于中国共产党领导的革命、建设、改革和复兴的实践进程来理解,还可以从中国近代文化传统和政治形态的交织境遇进行认知。从文化与政治的变奏视角考察五四时期进步社团对于中国早期现代化的探索,具有历史发生学的意义。五四时期进步社团对中国早期现代化的探索主要体现于三重维度:政治现代化的维度主要表现在五四时期进步社团的发展暗合近代中国政治发展的走向;文化现代化的维度主要是为五四运动之前的"文化变革"奠定了思想基础并持续推动其深化;社会现代化的维度主要是在思想论争与实践的探索中,为社会主义成为中国的历史性选择提供了理论准备。在马克思主义的指导下,五四时期进步社团衍生出"社会改造"探索的路径,为实现文化与政治的变奏提供了实践场域。

Abstract:

Deepening the study of the Chinese path to modernization requires not only understanding it based on the CPC’s leadership in the practice of revolution, construction, reform, and rejuvenation, but also recognizing it through the intertwined context of China’s modern cultural traditions and political forms. In this sense, it is of historical significance to examine the explorations of early modernization by progressive societies during the May Fourth period from the perspective of cultural and political transformation. These explorations primarily manifested in three dimensions: the dimension of political modernization was evident in how these societies’ development aligned with the trajectory of modern China’s political development; the dimension of cultural modernization laid the ideological foundation for the cultural development preceding the May Fourth Movement and continued to drive its deepening; and the dimension of social modernization was reflected in the theoretical preparations for socialism to become China’s historical choice through ideological debates and practical explorations. Under the guidance of Marxism, progressive societies during the May Fourth Period developed the path of "social transformation," providing a practical field for achieving cultural and political transformation.