“双碳”背景下装配式建筑施工多目标优化研究

Research on Multi-objective Optimization of Prefabricated Building Construction Under the Background of "Dual Carbon"

摘要:

为解决装配式建筑施工工期-碳排放-成本多目标优化问题,系统梳理了装配式建筑标准层主体结构的施工活动流程及其资源配置情况。识别了施工过程的碳排放源与类别,结合过程评价法与排放因子法构建了碳排放核算模型,并建立了碳排放核算清单,分析了碳排放的经济影响,为施工碳排放核算提供了基础。综合考虑施工活动的多种资源组合模式,活动持续时间的不确定性以及碳成本等因素,以不同模式下各项活动的施工时间、碳排放、成本为依据,构建了离散的多目标多模式组合优化模型。针对该优化模型的特点,对非支配排序鲸鱼优化算法进行离散化处理,通过算法求解获得施工模式组合方案的帕累托解集,并采用层次分析法-改进熵权法组合加权的逼近理想解排序法对非支配方案进行综合排序,为管理者优选出最佳方案。工程实例应用结果显示,工期、碳排放、成本均得到了有效控制,满足管理者的预期目标,验证了优化模型的科学性和求解方法的实用性。

Abstract:

To address the multi-objective optimization problem of construction time, carbon emission and cost in prefabricated building construction, the construction activity process and resource allocation of the standard floor main structure of prefabricated buildings were systematically reviewed. The carbon emission sources and categories in the construction process were identified, and a carbon emission accounting model was constructed by combining the process evaluation method and emission factor method. A carbon emission accounting list was established, and the economic impact of carbon emission was analyzed, providing a basis for construction carbon emission accounting. Considering various resource combination modes of construction activities, the uncertainty of activity time and carbon cost, a discrete multi-objective multi-mode combination optimization model was constructed based on the construction time, carbon emission and cost of each activity under different modes. In response to the characteristics of this optimization model, the non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm was discretized. The Pareto solution set of the construction mode combination scheme was obtained through algorithm solution, and the non-dominated schemes were comprehensively ranked using the Analytic Hierarchy Process-improved entropy weight method combined weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. This provided a comprehensive ranking for non-dominated schemes, enabling ma-nagers to select the best solution. The application results of engineering examples show that the construction time, carbon emission and cost have been effectively controlled, meeting the expected goals of managers, and verifying the scientific nature of the optimization model and the practicality of the solution method.