• Mechanical Characterization of Double-Wrapped Reinforced Soil Protective Barrier Under Impact Loads

  WANG He, WANG Yan, YIN Baoyin, ZHANG Yu, SONG Shuai

  2026,43(1):1-8,16, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.001

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  Abstract:

  Aiming at the risk of slippage along the reinforced soil action surface under blast impact loading of traditional wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers, a double-wrapped reinforced soil protective barrier is proposed. The mechanical properties of the reinforced soil protective barriers under blast impact loading were investigated. Numerical simulations were conducted for double-wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers against blast impact loads using finite element software. Moreover, under the action of different magnitudes of blast impact loads, comparative analyses were performed on the earth pressure and deformation evolution laws of protective barriers with different reinforcement forms. The results show that double-wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers provide greater load cushioning than traditional wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers. Compared with traditional wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers, the maximum horizontal earth pressure on the blast-facing surface and back-blast surface of double-wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers is reduced by 12.2% and 7.5%, respectively. For both the blast-facing and back-blast surfaces of the protective barrier, the horizontal earth pressure first increases and then decreases along the wall height, reaching the maximum at the same height as the explosion source. Compared with traditional wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers, the maximum horizontal displacement of the blast-facing surface and back-blast surface of double-wrapped reinforced soil protective barriers is reduced by 6.4% and 0.8%, respectively. Under blast impact loading, the horizontal displacement of the blast-facing and back-blast surfaces of reinforced soil protective barriers first increases and then decreases along the wall height, with the maximum displacement occurring at the same height as the explosion source, and the back-blast surface is less disturbed. As the vertical spacing of geogrids increases, the horizontal displacement of the protective barrier gradually increases.

• Field Experimental Study on the Load-Carrying Performance of Pressure-Type Anti-floating Anchors

  BAI Xiaoyu, ZHENG Hailong, SUN Gan, LYU Chenglu, YAN Nan

  2026,43(1):9-16, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.002

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  Abstract:

  In order to deeply study the bearing performance and displacement law of pressure-type screw-thread steel bars for the prestressing of concrete (PSB) anti-floating anchors, this study took an actual anti-floating project in Qingdao as the background, and carried out field experimental study on three pressure-type PSB anti-floating anchors. The load-displacement evolution law was systematically analyzed by monitoring the displacement changes of anchor bars and grout body in real time, and the bond stress distribution characteristics of PSB anti-floating anchors were revealed. The test results show that the displacement of the anchor bar and grout body increases linearly with the load growth, which is significantly affected by the load level; when the load reaches 60% of the maximum load, the displacement curve rises abruptly and enters an accelerated growth stage; the overall growth of the grout body-displacement curve is linear, with no abrupt change point or bilinear characteristics. The relative displacement between anchor bars and grout body increases with the increase of load. Under the experimental conditions, the average bond stress of the pressure-type PSB anti-floating anchor bar-grout body interface is 0.73 MPa, while the average bond stress of the grout body-rock and soil mass interface is relatively low, which is 0.104 MPa. The bond stress at the interface between the grout body and the rock and soil mass is related to the anchoring length and the anchor hole diameter, and the excessive anchoring length and the anchor hole diameter will reduce the bond stress at the interface between the anchor bar and the grout body.

• Field Test and Model Validation of Load-Bearing Characteristics of Different Types of Prefabricated Piles in Soft Soil Areas

  ZHANG Anqi, YAN Nan, BAI Xiaoyu, MI Chunrong, ZHANG Yamei, HAO Zengming

  2026,43(1):17-24,39, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.003

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  Abstract:

  In order to deeply explore the vertical compressive bearing characteristics of prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles and prestressed concrete square (YZH) piles in soft soil areas, a single-pile vertical compressive static load test was carried out on 6 PHC pipe piles and 2 YZH piles based on a project in Shanghai, and the load-displacement characteristics of the two types of prefabricated piles were compared and analyzed. The applicability of the exponential function model in predicting the vertical ultimate compressive capacity of single piles was evaluated, and the exponential function model was modified. The results showed that both pile types at the test site failed, and the Q-s curves showed a steep drop. The pile top load level was between 4 725 kN and 6 000 kN, and the resi-dual settlement accounted for more than 87%. Using the modified exponential function model to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of single piles is more accurate and exhibits high consistency, and the prediction curve trend has higher prediction accuracy in the plastic deformation stage.

• Slope Reliability Analysis Using Pseudo-dynamic Method with Monte Carlo Simulation and Multiple Slip Surfaces

  XU Liang, WEN Jiahui, LI Liang

  2026,43(1):25-32,39, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.004

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  Abstract:

  The pseudo-dynamic Swedish circle method for seeking the factor of safety under critical initial phase is proposed to evaluate the stability for a given slip surface. A significant number of feasible slip surfaces are incorporated into the limit state function of slope reliability, and the Monte Carlo simulation method is combined to propose the seismic slope reliability analysis method based on the pseudo-dynamic Swedish circle method. The proposed methodology is applied to the stability analysis of a homogeneous slope, with a detailed investigation of the effects of shear wave velocity, horizontal seismic coefficient, and slip surface location on the critical initial phase (denoted by t_d) and factor of safety. It is found that with an increase in shear wave velocity, the factor of safety corresponding to the critical initial phase t_d gradually decreases and eventually converges to the result from the pseudo-static method. With an increase in the horizontal seismic coefficient, t_d remains constant, but the corresponding factor of safety tends to decrease. Moreover, under the same conditions, t_d also differs with the variation in the slip surface location. For homogeneous slopes, the t_d probability density function and failure probability obtained from the reliability analysis method based on the critical slip surface S_c (method 1) are essentially consistent with those derived from the analysis method based on a large number of feasible slip surfaces (method 2). However, since Method 1 fails to properly quantify the consequences of slope failure resulting from the variation in the slip surface location, it has the potential of underestimating the sliding volume. Method 2 is recommended for seismic slope reliability analysis.

• Effect of Impact Position on Failure Energy of Semi-rigid Protection Barriers

  AI Qinghua, YAN Xin, MA Wenfang, HU Jiahuan

  2026,43(1):33-39, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.005

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  Abstract:

  In view of the current situation that the relationship between the failure energy of semi-rigid rockfall protection barriers and impact positions has not been accurately studied, LS-DYNA was used to establish a finite element model of semi-rigid protection barriers. The failure energy of the protection barriers at different impact positions was studied, and the energy dissipation laws of steel strands and steel columns were obtained. The damage modes of the protection barriers under various impact conditions were analyzed. Research shows that steel columns and steel strands are the main energy-dissipating components, and friction and damping account for a small proportion of energy consumption. When the rockfall impacts the center of mid-span, the failure energy of the protection barriers is greater than that when impacting the side span; when the rockfall impacts the center of mid-span and at a high longitudinal position, the failure energy is the maximum, and when the rockfall impacts at the bottom of the center column, the failure energy is the minimum. The steel columns are easily damaged when rockfall impacts the center of mid-span and the steel columns; the side columns are easily damaged when the rockfall impacts the bottom of the side spans or other low longitudinal positions; the steel strands break easily when the rockfall impacts other high longitudinal positions.

• Experimental Study on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Pollutants from Coal Gangue Embankment by Activated Carbon Composite Geotextile

  LI Kaixin, MENG Xiaokang, WANG He, SONG Zhiwen, LI Xiaoyang

  2026,43(1):40-44,53, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.006

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  Abstract:

  To address the pollution of surrounding soil and water resources caused by heavy metal pollutants in the leachate of coal gangue fill material under rainfall infiltration conditions, a type of activated carbon composite geotextile material was proposed and laid within the coal gangue road embankment. An adsorption experiment on heavy metal ions in the leachate of the coal gangue fill material by the activated carbon composite geotextile was carried out. By changing the number of layers and thickness of the activated carbon composite geotextile and the particle size of the activated carbon particles, the adsorption laws and key influencing factors of heavy metal ions under different conditions were explored, proving the feasibility of using the activated carbon composite geotextile to treat the environmental pollution caused by coal gangue road embankments. The research results show that with the increase of the thickness and number of layers of the activated carbon composite geotextile and the decrease of the particle size of the activated carbon particles, the adsorption rate of heavy metal ions in the experiment is improved to varying degrees. Among these factors, changing the thickness and number of layers of the activated carbon composite geotextile has the most significant impact on the adsorption effect, while the change in the particle size of the activated carbon particles showed a less obvious effect on the adsorption of heavy metal ions.

• Study on Construction Control of Water-Rich Tunnels Based on the Creep Characteristics of Mudstone

  SUN Xingliang, LIU Boyu, ZHANG Yuefeng, HAN Jiawei

  2026,43(1):45-53, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.007

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  Abstract:

  To investigate the influence of different supporting parameters and construction methods on the stability of tunnels under the action of surrounding rock creep, a triaxial creep experiment was carried out on soil samples obtained from the site of the Xinjiang water conveyance tunnel project, and the mudstone creep parameters were fitted using the CVISC model. FLAC 3D software was used to build a numerical model based on actual working conditions to optimize supporting parameters. Deformation monitoring after construction control was carried out to verify the validity of the numerical simulation results. The results show that: (1) Mudstone deformation includes instantaneous deformation and creep deformation over time, among which creep deformation is the dominant deformation. (2) Mudstone creep parameters exhibit a high degree of fitting accuracy, and the creep characteristics of mudstone can be characterized by the CVISC model. (3) When the spacing of steel arch frame is 50 cm, the thickness of C25 shotcrete is 25 cm, the length of lock bolt is 4.5 m, and the angle is 60°, tunnel deformation can be effectively reduced and the supporting structure can be fully utilized. (4) The monitoring data after optimizing the construction method on site verified the reliability of the numerical simulation results, proving that the tunnel was stable under the construction control measures and no supporting structure failure occurred.

• Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of New Type Masonry Slope Protection Surfaces with Overhanging Corners Under Wave Action

  GUO Zixuan, SHAN Jianjun, SUN Yuetian, YANG Bin, LI Siyuan, SUN Shulin

  2026,43(1):54-60,71, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.008

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  Abstract:

  To study the influencing factors of the stability of the slope surface of the river channel, on the basis of the traditional interlocking blocks, the double plan-ting holes and the eaves structure are proposed to be added to enhance the ecological function of the block slope protection. Taking the riverbank protection project of the Suhe River in Juxian County as an example, the stability of the slope surface composed of the interlocking concrete blocks under different protection conditions is analyzed. The accumulation morphology of sand particles in the planting holes is simulated by PFC software. The results show that when the opening rate of the new type of blocks is set at 16% and the single hole size of the planting holes is 140 mm×96 mm, the design width for the eave structure is 3.6 to 4.7 cm, which can effectively reduce soil and water erosion in the planting holes. Under the condition that the material strength of the blocks is sufficient, the optimized design significantly enhances the wave-breaking and wave-reducing capacity of the slope surface composed of the blocks with the eave structure. The three-dimensional solid modeling analysis is carried out using ABAQUS software. The stress cloud diagrams and displacement cloud diagrams of the blocks under the wave counter-pressure in different protection conditions are compared and analyzed, showing that by choosing crushed stone as the slope pad layer and laying the block flanges horizontally, the overall stability of the slope surface layer can be enhanced. Combined with the eave design, a stable and ecological slope protection effect can be achieved.

• A Psychophysiological Quantitative Study on Youth Restorative Experience Influenced by Window Morphology in Rural Homestays Under Natural Sound Environments

  REN Hongguo, YAN Tianyu, HAN Tiantian, ZHANG Jing

  2026,43(1):61-71, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.009

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  Abstract:

  To explore the impact of different window morphologies in rural homestay spaces in a natural sound environment on the restorative experience of young people, this study integrated electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, Computer Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system and Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) to compare the EEG responses and subjective psychological evaluations of young subjects induced by different groups of window morphology. Research shows that the intervention of natural sounds can significantly induce relaxation responses and positive emotions in young people. Relaxing window morphologies (low complexity, fewer openings, curved contours without sharp angles) can trigger a significant neural relaxation effect, enhancing the alpha wave power values of 9 electrodes in brain regions such as the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and central lobe. Arousing window morphologies (high complexity, multiple openings, sharp-angled rectilinear contours) were accompanied by the suppression of alpha wave power values, and the restorative experience was not improved. At the same time, from the dual perspectives of neurophysiology and psychological cognition, the correlation among window morphology, EEG activity and restorative experience is proved. Studies show that under natural sound environments, differentiated window morphologies in rural homestays can regulate young people's restorative experiences, providing an emotional design basis for the window design of rural homestay spaces with restorative orientation.

• Ultra-short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on CNN-GRU-BiLSTM-AM

  YUAN Yuanyuan, CHEN Jiqiang, WANG Xu, MA Litao

  2026,43(1):72-80, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.010

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  Abstract:

  To improve the ultra-short-term prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power, a hybrid prediction model based on CNN-GRU-BiLSTM-AM was proposed. First, to improve data quality, outliers were processed, and the Spearman' s rank correlation coefficient and grey relational analysis were used to extract the key features affecting photovoltaic power. Second, to obtain the spatiotemporal features of photovoltaic power data, the local features in the spatial and temporal dimensions were respectively extracted by CNN and GRU, and the long-term dependence relationships in the time series were captured BiLSTM. Third, to obtain the important information of key historical time points, the Attention Mechanism (AM) was introduced, and the CNN-GRU-BiLSTM-AM prediction model was constructed. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted using a publicly available photovoltaic power dataset. The results show that the prediction model constructed in this study has a coefficient of determination of 99.1%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.032 5, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.026 6, indicating that the method effectively improves the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power.

航空发动机用高温合金热加工专栏

• Research Status and Development Trends of Nickel-Based Superalloy GH4065A

  WANG Yanhui, SONG Jinhao, FENG Wenjing, ZHANG Huanhuan, LI Li, WANG Liang

  2026,43(1):81-92, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.011

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  Abstract:

  Superalloys, as essential materials for high-temperature service, not only embody the frontier level of materials science and metallurgical processes, but also serve as a crucial indicator of a nation's capability in developing advanced aero-engines and gas turbines. The nickel-based superalloy GH4065A exhibits excellent high-temperature strength, microstructural stability, and processability through optimization of the γ' phase content and compositional design. This paper reviews and evaluates the development and current status of superalloys both domestically and internationally, focusing on the research progress of GH4065A in terms of microstructural control, fatigue behavior, and welding performance. Studies have shown that the microstructure and properties of GH4065A are influenced by multiple factors, including dendrite segregation, γ' phase evolution, and recrystallization behavior. The alloy de-monstrates outstanding oxidation resistance and thermal stability at 650~750 ℃, while its fatigue behavior is affected by grain size, inclusions, and unrecrystallized structures. Double-spot electron beam welding and inertia friction welding can produce high-quality joints, and post-weld heat treatment can improve microstructural uniformity and performance stability. Currently, research on GH4065A is still primarily at the laboratory scale, and its creep-fatigue coupling behavior under complex service conditions, as well as life prediction models, remain inadequate. Moreover, the coupled relationships among γ' phase dissolution, precipitation, and recrystallization lack quantitative description. Finally, future directions are proposed in the areas of multi-scale microstructural control, service mechanisms under complex environments, and engineering applications.

• Research on Temperature Field and Grain Size Evolution During Heating of GH4169 Large Casting Billet

  ZHANG Fei, LI Li, WANG Shouming, ZHANG Xinjie, SHEN Wenfei, WANG Yanhui

  2026,43(1):93-103, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.012

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  Abstract:

  Based on the DEFORM-3D finite element software, a temperature field model of the large casting billet was established for the problem of uneven heat transfer from the surface to the core during the heating process of the large casting billet of GH4169 alloy. The influence of heating process parameters on the internal heat transfer characteristics and temperature field distribution law of the alloy was studied. The simulation results show that the comprehensive heat transfer coefficients of different surfaces have a significant impact on the heat transfer efficiency. For the comprehensive heat transfer coefficients of surfaces with different fixed values, as the comprehensive heat transfer coefficients of the surfaces increase, the heat transfer efficiency from the surface to the core is significantly improved. For the variable surface comprehensive heat transfer coefficients, the cross-sectional temperature difference is relatively small, the heat transfer efficiency from the surface to the core is relatively low, but the heat transfer process is relatively uniform. In order to study the variation law of grain size of GH4169 alloy during the heating process, GH4169 alloy samples were prepared, and multiple sets of heat treatment tests were systematically carried out. The microstructure and the evolution law of grain structure after heat treatment were analyzed through metallographic observation. The test results showed that after multiple sets of heat treatment, the grains of the surface microstructure of the material showed a significant coarsening phenomenon. The specific manifestations are as follows: When heat-treated below 1 000 ℃, the grains show a slow growth trend. The longer the holding time, the more obvious the grain growth, with a size range of 3~8 μm. When heat-treated above 1 100 ℃, the grains show a significant coarsening trend, and the size increases to 75~100 μm. With the extension of the holding time, the growth of the grain structure gradually slows down.

• Numerical Simulation Research on the Forging Process of Large-Sized GH4169 Alloy Bars

  YUAN Jia'ao, LIANG Zengshuai, LI Li, LI Aimin, WANG Yanhui, SHEN Wenfei

  2026,43(1):104-112, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9469.2026.01.013

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  Abstract:

  For the roughing forging process of the large GH4169 billet, the finite element simulation software Simufact Forming was adopted to conduct a simulation of the entire forging process of the GH4169 alloy. The distribution of the strain field and temperature field during the forging process was studied, and the overall shape changes of the workpiece during the upsetting and elongation processes were analyzed. The results show that during the upsetting process, the equivalent strain distribution at various positions of the sample is uneven, roughly presenting an "X" shape distribution. The area where the anvil contacts the workpiece remains basically undistorted, and the temperature and equivalent strain in this area are relatively low. During the elongation process, there is heat exchange between the surface area of the forged piece and the air and the upper and lower anvils. The equivalent strain is high while the temperature is low, and the equivalent strain shows a certain periodic distribution. The head and tail areas of the workpiece form an inwardly concave state, which is due to the significant difference in metal fluidity between the inside and outside.