基于视觉计算与眼动的建筑底层空间视觉品质分析

Visual Quality Analysis of Architectural Ground-floor Space Based on Visual Computation and Eye-tracking

摘要:

为了揭示视觉显著性计算与主体空间视觉显著性体验以及视觉品质的内在关联,基于视觉计算深刻理解空间视觉感知过程,定量分析影响底层空间视觉品质的视觉显著性要素。采用视觉显著性计算与眼动追踪相结合的方法,采集相应数据分析建筑底层空间的视觉品质。首先阐述视觉显著性计算的基本原理,根据不同楼梯位置建立公共建筑底层开敞空间不同方案的虚拟现实模型,开展眼动追踪实验,并采用ITTI视觉显著性计算模型生成视觉计算显著图。最终与主观问卷调查结合,依据数据分析建筑底层空间的视觉显著性与视觉品质评价的关联。结果表明,建筑空间中实时视觉体验眼动热点图与视觉计算显著图具有较高相似性,视觉显著性数值与主观视觉品质评价呈正相关。布置于底层空间中部的楼梯与具备完整几何形的空间具有视觉显著性,成为影响建筑底层空间视觉品质的重要因素。最终验证计算机视觉显著性计算符合建筑空间视觉感知规律,可作为建筑空间视觉品质评价的有效工具,为基于人因的建筑设计提供了量化依据。

Abstract:

To reveal the intrinsic relationship between visual saliency calculation and the visual saliency experience and visual quality of the main space, based on a profound understanding of the visual perception process of space through visual computing, quantitative analysis was conducted on the visual saliency elements that affect the visual quality of the underlying space. The method of combining visual saliency calculation with eye-tracking was adopted to collect corresponding data for analyzing the visual quality of the building's underlying space. Firstly, the basic principle of visual saliency calculation was elaborated. Secondly, virtual reality models of different schemes for the open space of the underlying public building at different stair positions were established, eye-tracking experiments were carried out, and the ITTI visual saliency calculation model was used to generate visual calculation saliency maps. Finally, combined with subjective questionnaire surveys, the correlation between the visual saliency of the building's underlying space and the visual quality evaluation was analyzed based on the data. The results show that the real-time visual experience eye-tracking hotspots map and the visual saliency map generated by visual saliency calculation have a high similarity, and the visual saliency values are positively correlated with the subjective visual quality evaluation. The stairs located in the middle of the underlying space and the spaces with complete geometric shapes have visual saliency and become important factors affecting the visual quality of the building's underlying space. Finally, it was verified that computer visual saliency calculation conforms to the visual perception laws of building spaces and can be used as an effective tool for evaluating the visual quality of building spaces, providing a quantitative basis for human-oriented architectural design.